There are more than 30 facilities housing tigers in Thailand. Many of these offer hands on interactive experiences with tigers, of which Tiger World is one. During our welfare assessments, performed each year, we get to see just how each facility operates and where their specific needs lie. It’s also where we identify facilities that are looking to learn and improve when it comes to their tiger’s welfare.
With this in mind, we approached Tiger World at the end of 2023 with the offer to provide a comprehensive tiger enrichment workshop. And 2024 was the year it came to fruition. This hands-on event demonstrated the profound impact enrichment can have—not just on the tigers but also on their keepers and the visitors who come to see the tigers.
What is Enrichment?
Enrichment involves creating stimulating environments and activities that encourage natural behaviours in captive animals. For tigers, this includes activities that mimic hunting, exploring, scent-marking, and playing—behaviours essential for their physical and mental health. Enrichment is a necessity for promoting well-being and reducing stress in captivity. You can find out more about enrichment and the different types of enrichment here.
The Tiger Enrichment Workshop in Action
The workshop was made up of two parts. The first was the theory, going in-depth into enrichment, detailing what it is, its importance, and enrichment ideas for captive tigers. In the second part, we took a hands-on approach. We created some enrichment toys and items, implementing them in a hands-on, practical session. During the workshop, participants dove into practical applications of enrichment, using simple but effective tools to engage the tigers’ senses and instincts. Here are some specific examples of the enrichment techniques used:
Scent Enrichment with Listerine
Keepers applied diluted Listerine to platforms, trees and enrichment items. The response was almost immediate—tigers rolled, rubbed, and pounced on the scented objects, clearly intrigued by the new and unfamiliar smells. Texas and Sydney were especially captivated, rubbing their cheeks on the Listerine-scented trees with enthusiasm. This simple activity added a novel layer of stimulation to their environment.
Hiding Food in Leaves
To encourage natural foraging behaviours, food items like pieces of meat and treats were hidden within leaves or tucked into crevices around their enclosure. Watching the tigers sniff and search for their meals was a highlight of the workshop. Not all were good at it though! It was a reminder of how vital such activities are for stimulating a tiger’s problem-solving skills and instincts. Two separate tigers, Euro and Texas, spent over 30 minutes carefully unearthing treats hidden throughout his enclosure, showing focus and persistence.
Provision of Balls and Cardboard Boxes
Tigers, like house cats, love to play—and providing large, sturdy balls and simple cardboard boxes brought out their playful side. The tigers pounced on the boxes, shredded them, and pushed the balls around their enclosures, mimicking stalking and hunting behaviours. For Euro, one of the more energetic tigers, the ball became a source of endless entertainment, while another tiger, Texas, gleefully tore a box apart, scattering pieces like confetti.
These examples highlight how simple, low-cost items can spark meaningful engagement and significantly enrich the tigers’ lives.
Impact on Tigers
The changes in the tigers’ behaviour were evident almost immediately. Tigers that were somewhat sedentary in their daily lives became more active, engaged, and curious, displaying behaviours that hadn’t been seen by the keepers since they were cubs. Activities like scent exploration and foraging encouraged the tigers to use their cognitive skills, while the introduction of toys fostered play and increased physical activity, a necessity in captivity where tigers often have underdeveloped muscles through lack of physical stimulation.
Empowering Keepers
The workshop wasn’t just transformative for the tigers—it reinvigorated the passion and creativity of the keepers. Learning to craft and implement effective enrichment strategies gave them a sense of pride and ownership over their work. It also made an impact when seeing the behaviour of the tigers change as they interacted with the toys.
“Seeing tigers engage with the enrichment for the first time was truly heartwarming”, one keeper shared. “It was incredible to witness their curiosity and joy!”
The hands-on aspect of the workshop encouraged keepers to share ideas and brainstorm new approaches, fostering teamwork and collaboration across departments and even with visiting facilities.
A Better Experience for Visitors
Improved tiger welfare also translates to a richer experience for visitors. Anyone visiting now has the opportunity to witness tigers engaging in more natural behaviours at Tiger World, whether it’s stalking a ball, tearing into a cardboard box, or methodically searching for hidden food. These interactions are not only captivating but also educational, giving visitors much better idea of how tigers should behave.
In addition, we are very pleased to note that Tiger World has plans to incorporate enrichment into daily visitor programming, offering guests a behind-the-scenes look at the care provided. These sessions will highlight the importance of enrichment and inspire a deeper appreciation for wildlife conservation.
Looking Ahead
To make developing a full enrichment program easier, we later also provided Tiger World with our new enrichment manual in Thai. This booklet provides keepers and management with a detailed introduction to the importance of enrichment, as well as large numbers of examples of enrichment items and activities, with possible variations to keep the enrichment new and exciting for the tigers.
The success of the enrichment workshop has set the stage for even greater advancements for captive tiger welfare within Thailand as a whole. We will be doing a follow-up with Tiger World to assess the efficacy of the programme and the improvement for the tigers under their care. And, we are already planning additional workshops and collaborations with other Thai facilities to continue working toward our mission to ensure all captive tigers in Thailand have a good quality of life. By sharing our experiences and insights with other facilities, we hope to amplify the positive impact of enrichment across the wildlife care community.
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